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Quanto custa a maquinagem CNC de 5 eixos?

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In the realm of CNC Milling, 3-axis and 4-axis CNC technologies are well-known and widely used in the manufacturing industry. However, for advanced industries such as aerospace engineering, medical, national defense, robotics, and automotive, 5-axis CNC machining stands out as a groundbreaking solution. It has revolutionized the manufacturing landscape by enabling the production of the most intricate and high-quality parts. Despite its reputation for being expensive and complex, Maquinação CNC de 5 eixos offers substantial benefits for your manufacturing operations. In this guide, we’ll explore how 5-axis CNC machining works, its applications, costs, advantages, and a comparison with 3-axis and 4-axis CNC machining.
 

What is 5-Axis CNC Machining?

To understand 5-axis CNC machining, let’s break it down. CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, a digital system that automates machine tools. Typical CNC machines operate on three axes: X (vertical), Y (horizontal), and Z (up and down). Adding two more axes (A, B, or C) allows 5-axis machines to perform more complex movements and create parts with intricate geometries and superior surface finishes. This advanced capability makes 5-axis CNC machining ideal for manufacturing complex components efficiently.

 

 

Differences Between 3-Axis, 4-Axis, and 5-Axis CNC Machining

3-Axis CNC Machining: The most common type, 3-axis CNC milling involves the movement of the cutting tool along the X, Y, and Z axes. It’s suitable for parts with cubic geometries but requires manual repositioning for complex shapes. It’s cost-effective for simpler tasks but limited in handling intricate designs.

4-Axis CNC Machining: This adds an A-axis (rotation around the X-axis) to the 3-axis setup, enabling more versatile machining without multiple setups. It improves efficiency and accuracy for parts needing machining on multiple sides.

5-Axis CNC Machining: This technology allows simultaneous movement along the X, Y, and Z axes, and rotation around two additional axes (A, B, or C). It can machine five sides of a part in one setup, ideal for complex geometries and deep cavities. There are two main types: indexed 3+2-axis and continuous (full) 5-axis. While indexed 3+2-axis rotates axes independently, continuous 5-axis machining allows simultaneous movement, producing highly complex parts with tight tolerances.

 

 

Applications of 5-Axis CNC Machining

5-axis CNC machining is pivotal for industries requiring intricate and high-precision components:

  1. Indústria médica: It produces precise medical devices, implants, and healthcare equipment.
  2. Aeroespacial: It manufactures parts with smooth shapes and contoured edges, crucial for lightweight and durable aerospace components.
  3. Military: It creates components for precise military equipment, including engine parts and sensors.

CNC Machining Tools

CNC milling utilizes various cutting tools to shape parts:

  • Drill Bit: For creating holes with circular cross-sections.
  • Twist Drill: A rod with helical flutes for drilling.
  • End Mill: For shaping and drilling during milling.
  • Face Mill: A tool with carbide inserts for making flat surfaces.
  • Hollow Mill: Used in screw machines for roughing and finishing.
  • Thread Mill: For cutting and making threads.
  • Slab Mill: Removes large amounts of material.
  • Gear Cutter: Creates gears through milling, hobbing, and other processes.
  • Fly Cutter: A single-point rotary tool for large flat surfaces.
  • Reamer: Enlarges or finishes drilled holes with high precision.

 

 

CNC Machining Centers

CNC machining centers perform operations like drilling, milling, and turning with high precision. Types include:

  • Horizontal Machining Center: With a horizontal spindle and automatic tool changer (ATC), suitable for high-volume production.
  • Vertical Machining Center: Ideal for surface engraving, typically with three axes.
  • Universal Machining Center: Combines horizontal and vertical capabilities with continuous spindle tilting.

 

 

Cost of 5-Axis CNC Machines

The cost of 5-axis CNC machines varies significantly based on type and features, ranging from $10,000 to $500,000. Indexed 3+2 machines typically cost between $35,000 and $200,000, while high-end full 5-axis machines range from $150,000 to $500,000. Desktop models start around $10,000. Manufacturers like GCH offer customized solutions to meet specific needs.

Advantages of 5-Axis CNC Machining

  1. Improved Quality and Efficiency: Enhanced cutting tool tangential movement reduces cycle times and costs.
  2. Better Cutting Conditions: Maintains optimal conditions by rotating the table, achieving superior surface quality.
  3. Reduced Fixture Use: Minimizes additional fixtures, cutting costs and maintenance.
  4. Streamlined Production: Shortens the process chain, simplifying management and scheduling.
  5. Advanced Technology: 5-axis machining offers unmatched efficiency and quality, ensuring a competitive edge.

 

 

In conclusion, 5-axis CNC machining is a powerful technology that enhances the production of complex parts. Choosing the right method—whether 3-axis, 4-axis, or 5-axis—depends on your specific requirements, including material, volume, budget, and complexity. For intricate designs and tight tolerances, 5-axis machining provides a superior solution.

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